Nitrous oxide is frequently used to provide light conscious sedation. It is probably the safest sedative agent when used with a properly functioning fail-safe and flow-safe flow meter.

However, in 1977, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health concluded that exposure to nitrous oxide causes decreases in mental performance, audiovisual ability, and manual dexterity.

Chronic exposure to trace levels of nitrous oxide has also been found to be harmful to oral health professionals (especially pregnant women) and has been related to higher incidences of birth injuries and of spontaneous abortion. Adverse reproductive effects may also result from chronic exposure to nitrous oxide.

CDC’s publication, Controlling Exposures to Nitrous Oxide During Anesthetic Administration, provides assistance in controlling exposure to staff to nitrous oxide during the administration of anesthetic gas in operatories.

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